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Role of mitochondrial biogenesis in asthmatic airway smooth muscle proliferation: Forever young - 04/04/15

Doi : 10.1016/j.rmr.2015.02.029 
V. Siao 1, 4, 5, I. Dupin 1, 2, O. Ousova 1, 2, E. Maurat 1, 2, P.O. Girodet 1, 2, 3, R. Marthan 1, 2, 3, P. Berger 1, 2, 3, T. Trian 1, 2, , M. Fayon 1, 2, 4
1 Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardiothoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, 33000 Bordeaux, France 
2 Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardiothoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 0005, 33000 Bordeaux, France 
3 CHU de Bordeaux, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 0005, 33604 Pessac, France 
4 CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Centre d’Investigation Clinique (CIC 0005), 33076 Bordeaux, France 
5 CHU de Poitiers, Pneumologie pédiatrique et EFR, 86000 Poitiers, France 

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Résumé

Introduction

Increased bronchial smooth muscle mass is one of the key structural features of severe asthma. In adults, asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) demonstrate greater mitochondrial biogenesis associated with an increase in ASMC proliferation rate vs. non-asthmatic ASMC. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence that such a difference between asthmatic and non-asthmatic ASMC occurs in pre-school children. Thus, the primary aim of the study was to compare asthmatic and non-asthmatic ASMC proliferation and mitochondrial biogenesis in adults and pre-school children. The secondary aim was to assess the effect of factors released by the epithelium upon stimulation by environmental factors such as house dust mite and rhinovirus, on ASMC proliferation.

Methods

We cultured ASMC and bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) obtained by endobronchial biopsy from children and adults with severe asthma or undergoing bronchial endoscopy for other reasons. We then studied ASMC proliferation (cell counting and CFSE dye assay) in 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0% FBS and after the addition of the BEC culture supernatant obtained after rhinovirus infection, house dust mite exposure or both. Mitochondrial mass and biogenesis were determined by western blot.

Results

Sixteen pre-school children with severe asthma,median aged 2.8years, 4 control children (4.6years), 13 adults with severe asthma (46.0years) and 26 controls adults (65.3 years) were included. ASMC proliferation was increased in asthmatic adults, asthmatic pre-school and control children ASMC vs. control adults, with a cell doubling time of 35.0±2.5h, 24.8±1.9h, 22.6±2.6h and 47.4±4.4h, respectively (P<0.05). This increased ASMC proliferation was associated with greater mitochondrial mass (porine rate: 50% in asthmatic adult ASMC, 52% in children ASMC vs. 20% in control adult ASMC) and biogenesis in asthmatic adult, asthmatic and control children ASMC vs. control adults (TFAM rate respectively at 44,9%, 48,1% and 62,2% vs. 18,4%). Rhinovirus and house dust mite exposure induced an increase of respectively 120,5% and 107.7% compared to the basal proliferation rate in asthmatic subjects only.

Conclusion

As previously described in adult asthmatics, ASMC proliferation is enhanced in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic children. This is associated with an increase in mitochondrial mass and biogenesis. ASMC proliferation is increased after a viral infection or an allergen exposure.

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Keywords : Asthma, Allergy, Children


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© 2015  Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS.
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Vol 32 - N° 3

P. 314-315 - mars 2015 Retour au numéro
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